Push-off reactions in recovery after tripping discriminate young subjects, older non-fallers and older fallers

Résumé / Abstract  / von: Pijnappels et al.

Tripping is a major cause for falls, especially in the elderly.

This study investigated whether falls in the elderly can be attributed to inadequate push-off reactions by the support limb in the recovery after a trip.

Twelve young (20-34 years) and eleven older (65-72 years) men and women walked over a platform and were tripped several times over an obstacle that suddenly appeared from the floor. Kinematics and ground reactions forces of the support limb during push-off were measured of falls and successful recoveries.

Young subjects did not fall. The older subjects were divided into a group of four non-fallers and seven fallers. Older fallers showed insufficient reduction of the angular momentum during push-off and less proper placement of the recovery limb.

This was due to a lower rate of change of moment generation in all support limb joints and a lower peak ankle moment. Onset of knee moment generation was slightly delayed in older fallers. Improvement over trials was ascribed to better positioning of the recovery limb, as no clear differences were seen in the joint moments of the support limb.

In conclusion, the contribution of the support limb to prevent a fall after tripping is decreased in older adults.

Lower limb strength could be an underlying factor and strength training might help to reduce fall risk.

 Quelle:  http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16819421


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Strength training and detraining effects on muscular strength, anaerobic power, and mobility of inactive older men are intensity dependent

Br J Sports Med 2005;39:776-780 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.019117

• Original article   /   Fatouros et al  

Abstract

Background: 

Although strength training (ST) enhances physical function in the elderly, little is known about the effect of training intensity on training and detraining adaptations in musculoskeletal fitness. 

Objective: 

To determine the effect of exercise intensity on strength, anaerobic power, and mobility of older men subjected to a 24 week ST protocol followed by prolonged detraining. 

Methods: 

Fifty two healthy but inactive older men (mean (SD) age 71.2 (4.1) years) were assigned to a control (n  =  14), low intensity training (LIST; n  =  18; 55% 1RM), or high intensity training (HIST; n  =  20; 82% 1RM) group. They carried out a 24 week, whole body (10 exercises, two to three sets/exercise) ST programme followed by a 48 week detraining period. Upper and lower body strength, anaerobic power (Wingate testing), and mobility (timed up and go, walking, climbing stairs) were measured at baseline and immediately after training and during detraining. 

Results: 

Although low intensity training improved (p<0.05) strength (42–66%), anaerobic power (10%), and mobility (5–7%), high intensity training elicited greater (p<0.05) gains (63–91% in strength, 17–25% in anaerobic power, 9–14% in mobility). All training induced gains in the LIST group had been abolished after four to eight months of detraining, whereas in the HIST group strength and mobility gains were maintained throughout detraining. However, anaerobic power had returned to baseline levels after four months of detraining in both groups. 

Conclusions: 

Higher intensity training protocols induce greater gains in strength, anaerobic power, and whole body physical function of older men. Moreover, higher intensity training may maintain the gains for more prolonged periods after training ceases.

Quelle:  http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/10/776.short



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