Sonntag, 7. Oktober 2012

Push-off reactions in recovery after tripping discriminate young subjects, older non-fallers and older fallers


Résumé / Abstract  / von: Pijnappels et al.

Tripping is a major cause for falls, especially in the elderly.

This study investigated whether falls in the elderly can be attributed to inadequate push-off reactions by the support limb in the recovery after a trip.

Twelve young (20-34 years) and eleven older (65-72 years) men and women walked over a platform and were tripped several times over an obstacle that suddenly appeared from the floor. Kinematics and ground reactions forces of the support limb during push-off were measured of falls and successful recoveries.

Young subjects did not fall. The older subjects were divided into a group of four non-fallers and seven fallers. Older fallers showed insufficient reduction of the angular momentum during push-off and less proper placement of the recovery limb.

This was due to a lower rate of change of moment generation in all support limb joints and a lower peak ankle moment. Onset of knee moment generation was slightly delayed in older fallers. Improvement over trials was ascribed to better positioning of the recovery limb, as no clear differences were seen in the joint moments of the support limb.

In conclusion, the contribution of the support limb to prevent a fall after tripping is decreased in older adults.

Lower limb strength could be an underlying factor and strength training might help to reduce fall risk.

 Quelle:  http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16819421


Full Text / pdf / online im internet - Zugriff vom 07.10.2012:

http://www.move.vu.nl/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/PijBobDie_GP_2005.pdf





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Training of Balance

Training of Balance Under Single- and Dual-Task Conditions in Older Adults With Balance Impairment - Case Report -Autoren:

  1. Marjorie H Woollacott

Abstract

Background and Purpose. Traditionally, rehabilitation programs emphasize training balance under single-task conditions to improve balance and reduce risk for falls. The purpose of this case report is to describe 3 balance training approaches in older adults with impaired balance.

Case Descriptions. Three patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions: (1) single-task balance training, (2) dual-task training under a fixed-priority instructional set, and (3) dual-task training under a variable-priority instructional set. 

Outcomes. The patients who received balance training under dual-task conditions showed dual-task training benefits; these training benefits were maintained for 3 months. The patient who received variable-priority training showed improvement on novel dual tasks. 

Discussion. Older adults may be able to improve their balance under dual-task conditions only following specific types of balance training. This case report gives insight on how this intervention might be combined with more traditional physical therapy intervention. [Silsupadol P, Siu KC, Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Training of balance under single- and dual-task conditions in older adults with balance impairment. Phys Ther. 2006;86:269–281.]

Quelle:  http://www.physicaltherapyjournal.com/content/86/2/269.short


Training of Balance Under Single- and Dual-Task Conditions in Older Adults With Balance Impairment - Full Text / HTML und pdf / online im internet - Zugriff vom 07.10.2012:

http://www.physicaltherapyjournal.com/content/86/2/269.full

http://www.physicaltherapyjournal.com/content/86/2/269.full.pdf+html

 
 
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Tel.: 07223 / 8004699
Mobil: 0177 / 4977232
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Physical therapy approaches to reduce fall and fracture risk among older adults

REVIEW  /  Autoren:   Saija Karinkanta, Maarit Piirtola, Harri Sievänen, Kirsti Uusi-Rasi & Pekka Kannus


Falls and fall-related injuries, such as fractures, are a growing problem among older adults, often causing longstanding pain, functional impairments, reduced quality of life and excess health-care costs and mortality. These problems have led to a variety of single component or multicomponent intervention strategies to prevent falls and subsequent injuries. 

The most effective physical therapy approach for the prevention of falls and fractures in community-dwelling older adults is regular multicomponent exercise; a combination of balance and strength training has shown the most success. 

Home-hazard assessment and modification, as well as assistive devices, such as canes and walkers, might be useful for older people at a high risk of falls. 

Hip protectors are effective in nursing home residents and potentially among other high-risk individuals. 

In addition, use of anti-slip shoe devices in icy conditions seems beneficial for older people walking outdoors. To be effective, multifactorial preventive programs should include an exercise component accompanied by individually tailored measures focused on high-risk populations. 

In this Review, we focus on evidence-based physical therapy approaches, including exercise, vibration training and improvements of safety at home and during periods of mobility. 

Additionally, the benefits of multifaceted interventions, which include risk factor assessment, dietary supplements, elements of physical therapy and exercise, are addressed.

Quelle:   http://www.nature.com/nrendo/journal/v6/n7/abs/nrendo.2010.70.html#top



Full Text / pdf / online im internet - Zugirff vom 07.10.2012:


http://www.ukkinstituutti.fi/filebank/534-karinkantanaturerevendocrinol.pdf




 
 
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Strength training and detraining effects on muscular strength, anaerobic power, and mobility of inactive older men are intensity dependent

Br J Sports Med 39:776-780 doi:10.1136/bjsm.2005.019117
  • Original article   /   Fatouros et al  

Abstract

Background: 

Although strength training (ST) enhances physical function in the elderly, little is known about the effect of training intensity on training and detraining adaptations in musculoskeletal fitness. 

Objective: 

To determine the effect of exercise intensity on strength, anaerobic power, and mobility of older men subjected to a 24 week ST protocol followed by prolonged detraining. 

Methods: 

Fifty two healthy but inactive older men (mean (SD) age 71.2 (4.1) years) were assigned to a control (n  =  14), low intensity training (LIST; n  =  18; 55% 1RM), or high intensity training (HIST; n  =  20; 82% 1RM) group. They carried out a 24 week, whole body (10 exercises, two to three sets/exercise) ST programme followed by a 48 week detraining period. Upper and lower body strength, anaerobic power (Wingate testing), and mobility (timed up and go, walking, climbing stairs) were measured at baseline and immediately after training and during detraining. 


Results: 

Although low intensity training improved (p<0.05) strength (42–66%), anaerobic power (10%), and mobility (5–7%), high intensity training elicited greater (p<0.05) gains (63–91% in strength, 17–25% in anaerobic power, 9–14% in mobility). All training induced gains in the LIST group had been abolished after four to eight months of detraining, whereas in the HIST group strength and mobility gains were maintained throughout detraining. However, anaerobic power had returned to baseline levels after four months of detraining in both groups. 

Conclusions: 

Higher intensity training protocols induce greater gains in strength, anaerobic power, and whole body physical function of older men. Moreover, higher intensity training may maintain the gains for more prolonged periods after training ceases.

Quelle:  http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/10/776.short



Full Text / HTML / und pdf - online im internet - Zugriff vom 07.10.2012:


http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/10/776.full



http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/39/10/776.full.pdf+html




JÖRG LINDER AKTIV-TRAINING  -  www.aktiv-training.de
Mauerbergstraße 110
76534 Baden-Baden
Tel.: 07223 / 8004699
Mobil: 0177 / 4977232
Mail: info@aktiv-training.de
Fax: 07223 / 8005271 








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